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video

vid·e·o

/ˈvidēō/

Noun

The broadcasting of moving visual images, typically accompanied by audio and often used to demonstrate, illustrate or communicate ideas that are difficult to describe by text and graphics alone. There are many tools available to us to create, store and broadcast digital videos.

Utilizing 360 Video for Practice and Assessment

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barn with arrows indicating it is a 360 degree video
Photo Credit

Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Veterinary and biomedical students are asked to watch a video of walking through a barn and to list the best practices for animal welfare and farm management shown in the video. They are also asked to list items that need to be improved. This offers a way to expand student experiences and allows them to practice evaluating without the time and expense of traveling. Further, this practice protects the biosecurity of the farm locations.

Using Professionally Produced Video Lectures

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screenshot of a video with an instructor with a PowerPoint
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Credit: T. Palmer © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

A presentation recorded in the studio produces a polished resource that can be used to share knowledge and content and provide an opportunity for students to review the material as often as needed to ensure comprehension. Professor Todd Palmer has recorded all his lectures for a course on Materials Science. Viewers can see the presentation and the instructor along with the laser pointer motion directing student attention.

Using Video to Facilitate Building 3D Models in a Fully Online Course

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screenshot of a video - hands holding a 3D module of a crystal
Photo Credit

Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

MATSE 400: Crystal Chemistry requires students to build complex 3D models of crystals. In a traditional lab situation, the instructor walks around the room to assist the students while they build the 3D models. The video above provides the online students an opportunity to see the intricate details of the model building process.

Using the Lightboard for an Exam Review Session with Complicated Mathematical Problems

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Screenshot of a video with an instructor writing complex equations
Photo Credit

Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

PNG 301: Introduction to Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering is a fully online course where students are required to solve complex mathematical equations. PNG 301 makes use of the Dutton Institute’s lightboard to record the teaching assistant as he works through a series of practice exam questions.

Illustrating a Lab with a Video Explanation

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professor in a science lab with 2 tall clear cylinders in front of him
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Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

Video allows students to observe the behaviors of specific materials. Seeing the ball respond differently to materials which look alike illuminates the impact of underlaying structure, making it easier to grasp the concept. Even if the chemical structures involved were depicted in a drawing, the impact of the structures to dislocation in motion is not intuitive, so actually demonstrating the behavior helps us to understand and retain the concept.

Using Video-Based Asynchronous Discussions

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4 cartoon heads with a picture of a play button in the right corner.
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© Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

Video-based asynchronous discussions are an excellent alternative, or addition to, text-based discussions. Video-based asynchronous discussions utilize an app to create a group discussion or sharing opportunity where students record short videos of themselves and respond to their peers' posts via video. Video discussions are very effective at creating social and teaching presence and increased collaboration.

Using Interactive Videos to Encourage Active Learning

Screenshot of an interactive video

Credit: Mark Wherley © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

Interactive videos are an excellent choice for providing an active learning experience for students. Instead of a video that positions the learner as a passive listener, interactive videos engage the viewer and demand certain forms of interaction. In fact, students have reported that interactive videos can be fun and allow them to learn the content better compared to videos without any forms of interaction (Kim, Glassman, Monroy-Hernandez, & Morris, 2015; Neo, Neo, & Yap, 2008).

Using Videos to Explain Complex Information

close up of 2 grapes on a tooth pick suspended from a rope

Credit: © Penn State is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 

When it comes to learning, there is no “one size fits all” approach. So for your online, hybrid, or residential course, it is important to incorporate a range of modalities so that students have multiple ways to engage and learn. For example, in addition to lectures, group discussions, and other collaborative activities, leveraging videos to explain complex material is especially effective.

Using Multimodal Instruction to Enhance Student Understanding

icons: music note, puzzle piece, image, camera, book, graph

Credit: © Penn State University is licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0

Multimodal Instruction is just what its name suggests; it provides multiple modes of instruction, including verbal, graphic, numeric, or multimedia, to expose students to the same concept repeatedly. Multimodal instruction enhances learning in two ways: first, by allowing students to experience learning in the way they are most comfortable, and second, by challenging students to experience and learn in other ways (Picciano, 2009).